Chartreuse History
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The Order of Chartreuse was more than 500 years old when, in 1605, at a Chartreuse monastery in Vauvert, a small suburb of Paris, the monks there received a gift from the marshal of artillery for King Henri IV. Francois Hannibal d' Estrees gave them an already ancient manuscript titled "An Elixir of Long Life". |
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By 1737, the manuscript was in the mother house of the order - La Grande Chartreuse - in the mountains not far from Grenoble. Here an exhaustive study of the manuscript was undertaken. |
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The distribution and sales of this new medicine were limited. One of the monks of La Grande Chartreuse, Frere Charles, would load his mule with small bottles and lead it to Grenoble and other villages in the area. |
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So tasty was this elixir that it was often used as a beverage rather than a medicine. Recognizing this, the monks, in 1764, adapted the elixir recipe to make a milder beverage which we know today as "Green Chartreuse" liqueur - 55 per cent alcohol, 110 proof. The success of this liqueur was immediate and its fame was no longer restricted to the area around La Grande Chartreuse. The French Revolution erupted in 1789. Members of all religious orders were ordered out of the country. The Chartreuse monks fled in 1793 and, as a measure of prudence, made a copy of the precious manuscript. One monk was allowed to remain in the monastery and he was charged with preserving the copy. The original was given to the charge of another monk. |
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This monk, the one with the original manuscript, was arrested by the Revolutionary forces and sent to prison in Bordeaux. Fortunately, he was not searched and was able to secretly pass the original manuscript to some unknown savior who smuggled it back to the area of La Grande Chartreuse where he was able to get into the hands of a Chartreuse monk who was hiding near the monastery. |
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When Monsieur Liotard died, his heirs returned the manuscript to the Chartreuse monks who had returned to their monastery in 1816. In 1838, the Chartreuse distillers developed a sweeter and milder form of that original recipe. Since it was no longer a vivid green, this new liqueur was identified as, and is known today as, "Yellow Chartreuse" (40 percent alcohol by volume, 80 proof). In 1903, the French government nationalized the Chartreuse distillery. The monks were expelled and fled to Spain, taking with them the manuscript. They built a new distillery in Tarragona where they continued to produce the now world-famous liqueurs. They also built a distillery in Marseille which they operated between 1921 and 1929. Liqueurs from each of these two distilleries were identified as "Tarragone" Chartreuse. |
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Early in the years following the nationalization of the distillery and monastery, the French government sold the trademark "Chartreuse" to a group of liqueur distillers who formed a company - "Compagnie Fermiere de la Grande Chartreuse". The liqueur made by this company had no semblance of the liqueur made from the manuscript. Compagnie Fermiere de la Grande Chartreuse failed and went bankrupt in 1929. The company's stock became valueless and the shares were bought up by friends of the monks and were presented to the monks as a gift. Thus, the monks regained possession of the Chartreuse trademark. They returned to their distillery, which had been constructed in 1860 at Fourvoirie, not far from the monastery, and resumed production of the true Chartreuse liqueurs. |
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In 1935, an avalanche roared down the mountainside and destroyed the Fourvoirie distillery. A new distillery was built in Voiron where the railroad aided in the world-wide distribution of the liqueurs. While the distillery is in Voiron, the selection and mixing of the secret herbs, plants and other botanicals used in producing the liqueurs is done in the monastery by two monks. |
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Since 1970, a company named Chartreuse Diffusion has been responsible for the bottling, packaging and marketing of the liqueurs plus a few other products selected by the monks for their high quality. |
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All of these liqueurs are made only by monks and are based on that already-ancient manuscript given the monks in 1605. The sale of the liqueurs allows the Chartreuse monks the funds necessary to survive in this commercial world and gives to them the ability to dedicate their lives to prayer and meditation. | |






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